100===Dev Ops/Git

Gitlab Introduced

블로글러 2024. 6. 11. 23:34

GitLab is a comprehensive DevOps platform that provides version control, CI/CD, and project management tools, allowing developers to manage the entire software development lifecycle in one place.

The Big Picture

Imagine building a car. GitLab is like a high-tech factory where you not only assemble the car (code) but also design it, test it, and manage the entire production process from start to finish. Everything you need is under one roof, streamlining the workflow and improving collaboration among the teams involved.

Core Concepts

  1. Version Control: GitLab uses Git, a distributed version control system, to track changes in source code during software development.
  2. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): GitLab CI/CD automates the building, testing, and deployment of code, ensuring quick and reliable delivery of software.
  3. Project Management: GitLab offers tools for planning and managing projects, including issue tracking, milestones, and boards.
  4. DevOps Platform: GitLab integrates various stages of the DevOps lifecycle, providing a single application to manage development, operations, and security tasks.

Detailed Walkthrough

Key Features of GitLab

  1. Repositories and Version Control:

    • Git Repositories: GitLab hosts Git repositories, providing a web interface to manage code repositories, view commit history, and handle branching and merging.
    • Merge Requests: Similar to pull requests in GitHub, merge requests allow team members to review, comment, and approve changes before integrating them into the main codebase.

  2. CI/CD Pipelines:

    • Pipelines: Define a series of stages and jobs to build, test, and deploy your code.
    • Runners: Agents that execute the jobs defined in your pipelines. GitLab provides shared runners or you can configure your own.
    • Environments: Define different environments (e.g., development, staging, production) to deploy and test your applications.

  3. Project Management Tools:

    • Issue Tracking: Create and manage issues to track bugs, enhancements, and tasks.
    • Boards: Visualize your workflow using boards with columns representing different stages of development (e.g., To Do, In Progress, Done).
    • Milestones: Group issues and merge requests into milestones to track progress towards specific goals.

  4. Security and Compliance:

    • Static Application Security Testing (SAST): Analyze your code for security vulnerabilities.
    • Dependency Scanning: Check for vulnerabilities in project dependencies.
    • Container Scanning: Scan Docker images for vulnerabilities.

Understanding Through an Example

Let's walk through setting up a simple project in GitLab with version control and a basic CI/CD pipeline.

1. Creating a New Project

  1. Go to GitLab and log in.
  2. Click the "New Project" button.
  3. Enter a project name, choose visibility level (public or private), and click "Create project".

2. Setting Up a Repository

  1. Clone the repository to your local machine:
    git clone https://gitlab.com/your-username/your-project.git
cd your-project
  2. Add files to your repository, for example, a simple index.html file:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Hello, GitLab!</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Welcome to GitLab</h1>
</body>
</html>
  3. Commit and push your changes:
    git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git push origin main

3. Setting Up a CI/CD Pipeline

  1. Create a .gitlab-ci.yml file in the root of your project:

    stages:
  - build

build-job:
  stage: build
  script:
    - echo "Compiling the code..."
    - echo "Build complete!"

  2. Commit and push the .gitlab-ci.yml file:

    git add .gitlab-ci.yml
git commit -m "Add CI pipeline"
git push origin main

  3. GitLab will automatically detect the .gitlab-ci.yml file and start running your pipeline. You can view the pipeline's progress in the CI/CD section of your project.

Conclusion and Summary

GitLab is an all-in-one DevOps platform that provides tools for version control, CI/CD, project management, and more. It helps streamline the software development lifecycle by integrating various stages into a single application, enhancing collaboration and efficiency.

Test Your Understanding

  1. What is the purpose of a CI/CD pipeline in GitLab?
  2. How does GitLab help in managing project dependencies and security vulnerabilities?
  3. Can you explain the difference between a merge request in GitLab and a pull request in GitHub?

Reference

For further reading and official documentation, refer to GitLab Documentation.

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